Some noteworthy aspects of that encounter you can tease out their implications for yourself are. Patroclus begins killing trojans, and the achaeans drive the trojans back from the warships. Course heros video study guide provides indepth summary and analysis of book 16 of homers epic poem the iliad. Book summaries with notes book 1 book 2 book 3 book 4 book 5 book 6 book 7 book 8 book 9 book 10 book 11 book 12 book book 14 book 15 book 16 book 17 book 18 book 19 book 20 book 21 book 22 book 23 book 24. He asks her to begin with the fight between achilleus and agamemnon. The trojans, seeing the fresh reinforcements and thinking that achilles has returned, immediately begin to fear for their lives. Book i opens with the words, rage goddess, sing the rage of peleus son achilles. Book 1 achilles wrath, to greece the direful spring of woes unnumberd, heavenly goddess, sing. He wants her to tell him about the rage of achilleus, and how it hurt the achaians. The fighting continues in the morning, and agamemnon leads a charge. Mythology background and plot summary by michael j. Check out our revolutionary sidebyside summary and analysis.
There follows a lengthy description of achilles new shield which is. Read book 16 death of patroclus of the iliad by homer. Homers epic poem the iliad tells the story of the trojan war and the epic heroes and gods. The trojan war, as youll know from the backstory section of our summary of book 1, involved a massive army of achaians a. The deaths of sarpedon and patroklos in this book introduce an elegiac tone into the last part of the iliad, as the characters that the reader sees. We are told from the beginning that the story is going to be about the rage or anger of achilles, the greatest warrior in achaia greece. In the tenth year of the trojan war, tensions are running high among the achaians a superancient name for the ancient greeks. Agamemnon fears losing and proposes sailing away while the army still fights. The greeks are on the verge of defeat, and they begin to retreat to their. Iliad what happened after the end of iliad book 24. Quiz 83191 learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Little ajax knows then that some god has spoken to them, and the aeantes spirits rise. Poseidon comes down to the battlefield and takes the form of calchas the seer. Patrokloss overstepping the bounds set him by first achilles see above, then apollo lines 707709, effectively dooming himself.
Summary and analysis of book 16 of homers iliad, with a focus on patroclus pride, lust for glory, and death. Agamemnon leads the greeks to momentary success to start the third day of battle. The deaths of sarpedon and patroklos in this book introduce an elegiac tone into the last part of the iliad, as the characters that the reader sees as sympathetic are. The iliad takes place in the tenth year of the trojan war. The two are different in subject but the same in their style. Apollos priest chryses comes to the achaian camp and asks to ransom back his daughter chryseis, who has been captured. Zeus wakes and sees the havoc that hera and poseidon have wreaked while he dozed in his enchanted sleep. Homers iliad describes the final year of the trojan war, a legendary conflict. He has made a fatal decision, and the deaths of sarpedon, patroklos, hektor, achilles himself, and the fall of troy all inevitably follow. He sends patroclus, his dear friend, to see what is going on. Odysseus contemptuously rejects the idea, and diomedes offers a better plan. This contains a book by book summary and analysis of. Books 1516 book 15 marks the beginning of the end for hector and the trojans, who have reached the height of their power and now face a downhill slope.
This is a reminder of that important episode in which achilleus rejected agamemnons offer of gifts, and it highlights the contradictions in achilleus position. Gill is a freelance classics and ancient history writer. Perseus links perseus is a largescale database with many texts and images. Check out our revolutionary side byside summary and analysis. The last couple examples i will discuss are both at the end of book 16. Now the other gods and the armed warriors on the plain slept soundly, but jove was wakeful, for he was thinking how to do honour to achilles, and destroyed much people. Get a detailed summary and analysis of every chapter in the book from. Book 20 robert fagles translation analysis segue from previous book and to the next book in book 19, achilles is still grieving over the death of patroclus and still refuses to eat. Analysis this episode is the second turning point in the tragic story of achilles. Thus disguised, he encourages the two aeantes great ajax and little ajax, when they are named as a pair and gives them new strength before he flies away. She has a masters degree in linguistics and is a former latin teacher.
Odysseus and diomedes volunteer to spy on the trojan camp at night in hopes of learning the battle strategies of the trojans. Teaching materials link database quizzes media library primary. Like book nine, book sixteen marks a crucial turning point in the iliad. Eventually comes across a trojan soldier, sarpedon, who is the mortal son of zeus. It might be helpful to maintain your own list of names that repeat themselves and seem important. Mythology background in the ancient mediterranean world, feminine beauty reaches its zenith in helen, wife of king menelaus of greece. In book 21, achilles continues his killing spree and the. The iliad book 1 summary the poet prays to the muse, the goddess of poetic inspiration. The battle rages on between the trojan and achaean forces, and patroclus devises a scheme to free the achaean ships from the trojans. How do the text we study provide insight into the human condition. In an attempt to capture the tension and emotion between sarpedon. The database may be searched using 17 criteria, such as book. Book xvi thus did they fight about the ship of protesilaus. Iliad, 2, 326, achaeans 9 years to take troy, serpent 9 sparrows.
He further introduces in the word rage one of the human qualities, along with pride and honor, that will make up a. Paris wounds diomedes, and odysseus is almost taken prisoner. Even centuries and millennium later these heroic figures astonish us with their extreme and powerful qualities. This study guide consists of approximately 114 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of the iliad. Zeus contemplates whether to save his son from being killed or not. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The gods, meanwhile, were gathered with zeus on the golden councilfloor, drinking toasts of nectar from gleaming cups that lovely hebe filled while they gazed down on troy. Homer, iliad, book 16, line 1 perseus digital library.
Homer calls upon the goddess of poetry and inspiration the muse to sing of achilleus anger. In the very first line of the iliad, the poet addresses the muse, who inspires him with song, and asks her to sing through him the story of the wrath of the son of peleus, aka achilles. From this vantage point, the end is in sight, and, correspondingly, zeus now outlines the rest of the iliad and beyond, predicting even the eventual fall of troy, which occurs after. The iliad is an epic because it features characters who are larger than life and whose deeds are truly remarkable. Greeks who crossed the sea to lay siege to troy, a city in modern turkey. He is insulted and sent away, and apollo sends a plague on the greeks. The iliad book 1 by homertranslated by alexander pope 2.
Sparknotes bookrags the meaning summary overview critique of explanation pinkmonkey. The iliad, by homer book one the quarrel by the ships. The greek line breaks, and the trojans enter the greek camp. King agamemnon, who leads the achaeans, has brought an illness upon the army by refusing to give up a woman, chryseis, whom he seized as a prize in a recent battle. Chryses, priest of apollo, comes to the greek camp to ransom his daughter, chryseis, held captive by agamemnon. In the tenth year of the trojan war, achilles, the greatest fighter for the achaeans the greeks and their allies, is enraged. The iliad book 16 death of patroclus american literature. The battle rages on between the trojan and achaean forces, and patroclus devises a scheme. While achilleus still refuses to return to battle, his friend, patroklos, persuades him to let. Book 17 of the iliad describes the fight over patroclus body that breaks out after his death in book 16, highlighting the importance of funeral rites in ancient greek culture.
Homers iliad begins during the tenth year of the trojan war and opens, like most epic poems, with a request for inspiration from the appropriate muse. This lesson focuses on book 16 of the iliad by homer. Names and places keeping straight the name of places and people. Then patroclus drew near to achilles with tears welling from his eyes, as from some spring whose crystal stream falls over the ledges of a high precipice. The iliad begins with the poet calling on the muse to sing of the wrath of achilleus and its consequences. All the commanders should go to the front, not to fight because they are wounded, but to inspire their army. First, a literary analysis from a moderately informed modern viewpoint. Hearing the sounds of battle, nestor gathers the wounded achaean commanders. With patroclus leading them, the myrmidons swarm into battle, and are described as being like wasps that a boy has angered. They fail to obtain any plans, but in the process kill some allies of the trojans and steal a kings horses and chariot. Homer invokes the muse goddess of epic poetry to aid him in telling the story of achilles anger and the great war for helen and troy.
143 355 1383 1178 1156 1410 1504 809 1359 1391 1516 1341 415 129 1323 1397 1119 1189 527 804 826 439 1377 239 588 154 690 339 360 493 187